Filtration
- Renal filtrate
- plasma minus blood cells and blood proteins
- most reabsorbed (99%)
- Filtration membrane: fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane and pores formed by podocytes
- Filtration pressure : responsibl for filtrate formation
- Glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) minus capsule pressure (CP) minua colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
- Changes caused by glomerular capillary pressure
- Glomerular filtrate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- GFR=180 lt/day
- Inulin is used to calculate GFR
- Inulin can not be reabsorbed or secreted from tubules after filtration
- Urine and plasma amount of inulin are measured after it is given intraenously.
The Urinary System Presentation
The Human Body in Health & Disease presentation video from youtube. Very good education video about urinary system in human.
urine concentration mechanism
When large volume of water consumed:
-eliminate excess without losing large amounts of electrolytes
-response is kidneys produce lrge volume of dilute urine
when drinking water not available:
-kidneys produce small volume of concentrated urine
-removes waste and prevents rapid dehydration
Mammalian excretory system
The structure of mammalian kidney; Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, proximal tubule, distal tubule, henle loop, collecting ducts. Pelvis renalis, ureter, urine bladder, urethra. Blood vessel supplying the glomerulus. Filtration barrier; capillary endothellial cell layer, basement membrane, podocyte membrane.
The function of the kidney: filtration, reabsorbtion and secretion. Glomerular filtration: filtrate, filtration pressure, generation of filtration pressure. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
urine and urea
Urine is normally composed of water and wasted products filtered
form the body. The kidney produces urine. The other main function of the
kidney is to regulate fluid balance in the body. It performs this function by
using a selective osmosis system. Basically, the way it works is that
electrolytes (dissolved salts like sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate,
chloride) are pumped back into or out of urine and blood so that in the end,
just the right amounts of electrolyte and water exit the kidney blood vein.
The rest ends up in urine. Interestingly, normal urine is sterile and has no
bacteria.
Urine chemistry
Chemistry of urine below. If you want to components of urine these are: urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, water, chloride, ammonia, sulphate, phosphate